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YU XIAN
studying in PLMGSS
class 3B1 reg no. 33
09th August is my special day
Friday, September 5, 2008

Chapter 9

Continuing thermal energy.. (:

Temperature and internal energy
- Total energy of interatomic ot intermolecular bonds is called internal energy.
- Internal energy is made up of kinetic energy and potential energy.
- The kinetic component of internal energy is due to the vibration of the particles.
- The potential component of internal energy is due to the stretching and compressing of the intermolecular bonds as the paricles vibrate.
- An increase in temperature leads to an increase in the kinetic component of the internal energy.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6tO4VvcEChk

Melting
- Melting is the change of state from solid to liquid, without a change in temperature.
- For pure subtance, melting occurs at a definte or constant temperature, known as melting point of the substance.
- When solid melt to ice, the strong molecular bond is broken.
- During melting, the temperature remains constant at the melting point, hence, thermal enregy is absorbed by the substance.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQ7TFeqnW0o

Solidification and freezing point
- Solidification is the change of state from liquid to solid,without a change in temperature.
- For pure substance, it willl solidify or freeze at the same temperature as the melting point, also known as freezing point.
- During solidification, the temperature remains constant at the freezing point, hence, thermal energy is released by the substance.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DZ9wlQ5MCnU

Boiling
- Boiling is the change of state from a liquid into vapour, occuring at a constant temperature.
- The contant temperature is called boiling point.
- During boiling, the temperature remains constant at its boiling point, hence, thermal energy is absorbed by the substance.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zFj_i6HtebM

Condensation
- Condensation is the change of state from vapour to liquid when a substance is cooled at the same constant temperature as in boiling.
- During condensation, the temperature remains constant at the condeation point, hence, thermal energy is released by the substance.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6dpC_oNrIM0

Evaporation
- Evaporation is a cooling process.
- Evaporation can occur at any temperature.
- Evaporation requires thermal energy in the urrounding, causing cooling.
- Temperature, humidity of the surrounding air, surface area of the liquid and movement of air are the factors affecting the rate of evaporation.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yyxc-81JDbo

Applications of evaporation
1. Experience cooling effect.
2. Wet clothes or puddle of water dry up after a while.
3. Keeps fever patient's temperature down.
4. Cooling process keep the food in the refrigerator cold.

Credits:
http://www.youtube.com/ (:

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